Window Class Reference

Inherits Group.

Inherited by DoubleBufferWindow, GlWindow, MenuWindow, and ShapedWindow.

List of all members.

Public Member Functions

 Window (int, int, int, int, const char *=0, bool begin=false)
 Window (int, int, const char *=0)
virtual ~Window ()
const char * label () const
const char * iconlabel () const
void label (const char *)
void iconlabel (const char *)
void label (const char *label, const char *iconlabel)
void copy_label (const char *c)
const void * icon () const
void icon (const void *ic)
void border (bool set)
void clear_border ()
bool border () const
void set_override ()
bool override () const
const Window * child_of () const
void child_of (const Window *w)
void set_modal ()
void set_non_modal ()
bool double_buffer () const
void set_double_buffer ()
void clear_double_buffer ()
void free_backbuffer ()
virtual void draw_overlay ()
void redraw_overlay ()
void erase_overlay ()
void hotspot (int x, int y, bool offscreen=false)
void hotspot (const Widget *, bool offscreen=false)
void hotspot (const Widget &p, bool offscrn=false)
void size_range (int a, int b, int c=0, int d=0, int e=0, int f=0)
bool get_size_range (int *min_w, int *min_h, int *max_w, int *max_h)
bool shown () const
void show ()
void show (int, char **)
void show (const Window *parent)
bool exec (const Window *parent=0, bool grab=false)
void make_exec_return (bool)
void show_inside (const Window *parent)
void iconize ()
bool iconic () const
virtual void destroy ()
void fullscreen ()
void fullscreen (const Monitor &)
void fullscreen_off (int, int, int, int)
virtual int handle (int)
virtual void layout ()
virtual void flush ()
virtual void draw ()
Window * next ()
void borders (Rectangle *r) const
void * backbuffer () const

Static Public Member Functions

const char * xclass ()
void xclass (const char *v)
void default_callback (Window *, void *v)
Window * first ()
void first (Window *)
const Window * drawing_window ()

Static Public Attributes

NamedStyle * default_style
const Window * drawing_window_

Protected Member Functions

virtual void create ()

Friends

class CreatedWindow

Detailed Description

This widget produces an actual window. This can either be a main window, with a border and title and all the window management controls, or a "subwindow" inside a window. This is controlled by whether or not the window has a parent(). Internally there are now significant differences between "main" windows and "subwindows" and these really should be different classes, they are the same for historic fltk reasons.

Once you create a window, you usually add children Widgets to it by using add(child) or by using begin() and then constructing the children. See Group for more information on how to add and remove children.

There are several subclasses of Window that provide double-buffering, overlay, menu, and OpenGL support.

The window's callback is done if the user tries to close a window using the window manager and modal() is zero or equal to the window. Window has a default callback that calls Window::hide() and calls exit(0) if this is the last top-level window.

You can set the shortcut() and then that key will call the callback. If you don't change it then that key will close the window.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

Window::Window (  int  X,
int  Y,
int  W,
int  H,
const char *  l = 0,
bool  begin = false
) 
 

This constructor is for child windows. You should use the constructor with just W and H for normal parent windows. This constructor leaves visible() true, so the child window will appear when the parent window has show() called.

Window::Window (  int  W,
int  H,
const char *  l = 0
) 
 

This form of the constructor should be used for a "top-level" window (that is, one that is not inside another window). It correctly sets visible() to false and parent() to NULL. By not specifying the position of the window, the window system will pick a place to show the window (some older X window managers will allow the user to place the window by hand). If you want to force a position you should call position(x,y) or hotspot() before calling show().

Window::~Window (   )  [virtual]
 

Calls destroy(). The destructor also deletes all the children. This allows a whole tree to be deleted at once, without having to keep a pointer to all the children in the user code. A kludge has been done so the Window and all of it's children can be automatic (local) variables, but you must declare the Window first so that it is destroyed last.

Member Function Documentation

void Window::border (  bool  set  )  [inline]
 

if set is true, then a window border will be set, otherwise the window will have neither border nor caption.

void Window::borders (  Rectangle *  r  )  const
 

Rectangle is set to the the size of the borders that will be added around this window. This is done by querying the window system. Because it is more convienent for most code the result is actually the rectangle that would be around the border if this window was zero in size and placed at 0,0. x,y are typically negative and w,h are typically positive. To get the actual rectangle around your window, add these values to the window's size.

void Window::child_of (  const Window *  parent  ) 
 

Tell the system that this window will not have an icon, it will dissappear and reappear when parent is iconized or shown, and it is forced to always be above parent. On X this is called a "Transient window", and Windows calls this a "overlapping child". parent is different than the parent(), which must be zero.

Changing this value causes destroy() to be called, due to stupid limitations in X and Windows.

Win32 and some X window managers have an annoying bug where calling show() on this will also raise the parent window to right below this, making many useful user interface designs impossible!

If you want a dialog that blocks interaction with the other windows of your application or with all other applications, you need to look at exec() (or possibly modal()).

void Window::clear_border (   )  [inline]
 

Deprecated:
compat. api only, please use Window::border(bool)

void Window::clear_double_buffer (   )  [inline]
 

Turn off double buffering, so that drawing directly goes to the visible image on the screen. Not all systems can do this, they will remain double buffered even if this is off.

void Window::create (   )  [protected, virtual]
 

This virtual function may be overridden to use something other than FLTK's default code to create the system's window. This must call either CreatedWindow::create() or CreatedWindow::set_xid().

An example for Xlib (include x.h to make this work): 

void MyWindow::create() {
  open_display();   // necessary if this is first window
  // we only calcualte the necessary visual & colormap once:
  static XVisualInfo* visual;
  static Colormap colormap;
  static int background;
  if (!visual) {
    visual = figure_out_visual();
    colormap = XCreateColormap(xdisplay, RootWindow(xdisplay,xscreen),
                    vis->visual, AllocNone);
    XColor xcol; xcol.red = 1; xcol.green = 2; xcol.blue = 3;
    XAllocColor(display, colormap, &xcol);
    background = xcol.pixel;
  }
  CreatedWindow::create(this, visual, colormap, background);
}

void Window::destroy (   )  [virtual]
 

Hides the window and also deletes all window system information about the window, and thus returns it back to the state it was in before the first show(). It is harmless to call this if the window is already destroyed.

Subclasses can override this, if you do this you must also override the destructor and make it call destroy().

Reimplemented in GlWindow.

bool Window::double_buffer (   )  const [inline]
 

Returns true if set_double_buffer() was called, returns false if clear_double_buffer() was called. If neither has been called this returns a machine-dependent state (systems where double buffering is efficient turn it on by default).

void Window::draw_overlay (   )  [virtual]
 

A subclass of Window can define this method to draw an "overlay" image that appears atop everything else in the window. This will only be called if you call redraw_overlay() on the shown() window, and it will stop being called if you call erase_overlay().

This is designed for a fast-changing graphic such as a selection rectangle. The implementation is to put the window into double_buffer() mode, and then set things so the on-screen image is being drawn before this method is called. The previous overlay image was erased before calling this by copying the back buffer to the front. Notice that the overlay will blink as you redraw it, you must trade off this annoyance against the slower update of the overlay if you just draw it normally in the draw() method.

Some systems don't allow drawing in the front buffer. In this case the entire back buffer is redrawn and the overlay drawn atop it.

The default version draws a red rectangle, so that mistaken calls to redraw_overlay() are detectable.

Reimplemented in GlWindow.

const Window * Window::drawing_window (   )  [inline, static]
 

Returns the Window currently being drawn into. To set this use make_current(). It will already be set when draw() is called.

void Window::erase_overlay (   ) 
 

Indicate that the overlay drawn with draw_overlay() is blank. draw_overlay() will not be called until redraw_overlay() is called again.

bool Window::exec (  const Window *  parent = 0,
bool  grab = false
) 
 

The window is popped up and this function does not return until make_exec_return() is called, or the window is destroyed or hide() is called, or exit_modal() is called. During this time events to other windows in this application are either thrown away or redirected to this window.

This does child_of(parent) (using first() if parent is null), so this window is a floating panel that is kept above the parent. It then uses modal(this,grab) to make all events go to this window.

The return value is the argument to make_exec_return(), or false if any other method is used to exit the loop.

If parent is null the window that last received an event is used as the parent. This is convenient for popups that appear in response to a mouse or key click.

See modal() for what grab does. This is useful for popup menus.

void Window::flush (   )  [virtual]
 

This virtual function is called by flush() to update the window. You can override it for special window subclasses to change how they draw.

For FLTK's normal windows this calls make_current(), then perhaps sets up the clipping if the only damage is expose events, and then draw(), and then does some extra work to get the back buffer copied or swapped into the front buffer.

For your own windows you might just want to put all the drawing code in here.

void Window::free_backbuffer (   ) 
 

Get rid of extra storage created by drawing when double_buffer() was turned on.

void Window::fullscreen (  const Monitor &  monitor  ) 
 

Make the window completely fill the monitor, without any window manager border or taskbar or anything else visible. Use fullscreen_off() to undo this.

Known bugs:

  • Older versions of both Linux and Windows will refuse to hide the taskbar. Proposed solutions for this tend to have detrimental effects, such as making it impossible to switch tasks or to put another window atop this one. It appears that newer versions of both Linux and Windows work correctly, so we will not fix this.

  • Many older X window managers will refuse to position the window correctly and instead place them so the top-left of the border in the screen corner. You may be able to fix this by calling hide() first, then fullscreen(), then show(). We don't do this because it causes newer window systems to blink unnecessarily.

  • Some X window managers will raise the window when you change the size.

void Window::fullscreen (   ) 
 

Chooses the Monitor that the center of the window is on to be the one to resize to.

void Window::fullscreen_off (  int  X,
int  Y,
int  W,
int  H
) 
 

Turns off any side effects of fullscreen(), then does resize(x,y,w,h).

void Window::hotspot (  const Widget *  widget,
bool  offscreen = false
) 
 

position() the window so that the mouse is pointing at the center of the widget, which may be the window itself. If offscreen is true then the window is allowed to extend off the Monitor (some X window managers do not allow this).

void Window::hotspot (  int  cx,
int  cy,
bool  offscreen = false
) 
 

position() the window so that the mouse is pointing at the cx,cy position. If offscreen is true then the window is allowed to extend off the Monitor (some X window managers do not allow this).

bool Window::iconic (   )  const
 

Returns true if the window is currently displayed as an icon. Returns false if the window is not shown() or hide() has been called.

On X this will return true in the time between when show() is called and when the window manager finally puts the window on the screen and causes an expose event.

void Window::iconize (   ) 
 

Iconifies the window. If you call this when shown() is false it will show() it as an icon. If the window is already iconified this does nothing.

Call show() to restore the window.

Currently there are only X and Win32 system-specific ways to control what is drawn in the icon. You should not rely on window managers displaying the icons.

void Window::iconlabel (  const char *  iname  ) 
 

Sets the text displayed below the icon (or in the taskbar). If you don't set this it defaults to the label() but if that appears to be a filename, it defaults to the last portion after the last '/' character.

void Window::label (  const char *  name,
const char *  iname
) 
 

Sets both the label() and the iconlabel()

void Window::label (  const char *  name  ) 
 

Sets the window title, which is drawn in the titlebar by the system.

Reimplemented from Widget.

void Window::layout (   )  [virtual]
 

Resizes the actual system window in response to a resize() call from the program.

Reimplemented from Group.

Reimplemented in Tooltip.

void Window::make_exec_return (  bool  return_value  ) 
 

If exec() is currently being called, make it hide this window and return return_value.

Does nothing if exec() is not being called.

Results are undefined if the innermost exec() is being called on a window other than this one. Current behavior is to cause that exec to return false.

void Window::redraw_overlay (   ) 
 

Indicate that the image made by draw_overlay() has changed and must be drawn or redrawn. If the image is blank you should call erase_overlay().

This does nothing if the window is not shown(), it is assummed that overlays are only drawn in response to user input.

Reimplemented in GlWindow.

void Window::set_double_buffer (   )  [inline]
 

If the window is double-buffered, all drawing is done first to some offscreen image, and then copied to the screen as a single block. This eliminates blinking as the window is updated, and often the application looks faster, even if it actually is slower.

void Window::show (  const Window *  parent  ) 
 

Same as child_of(parent); show().

void Window::show (  int  argc,
char **  argv
) 
 

This must be called after args(argc,argv) to show the "main" window, this indicates which window should be affected by any -geometry switch. In addition if args() has not been called yet this does so, this is a useful shortcut for the main window in a small program.

void Window::show (   ) 
 

Cause the window to become visible. It is harmless to call this multiple times.

For subwindows (with a parent()) this just causes the window to appear. Currently no guarantee about stacking order is made.

For a outer window (one with no parent()) this causes the window to appear on the screen, be de-iconized, and be raised to the top. Depending on child_of() settings of this window and of windows pointing to it, and on system and window manager settings, this may cause other windows to also be deiconized and raised, or if this window is a child_of() then this window may remain iconized.

Window::show() is not a virtual override of Widget::show(). You can call either one. The only difference is that if an outer window has had show() called already, Window::show() will raise and deiconize it, while Widget::show() will only un-hide() it, making it appear in the same stacking order as before but not changing the iconization state (on some X window managers it will deiconize anyway).

The first time this is called is when the actual "system" window (ie the X window) is created. Before that an fltk window is simply an internal data structure and is not visible outside your program. To return to the non-system-window state call destroy() or ~Window(). hide() will "unmap" the system window.

The first time show() is called on any window is when fltk will call open_display() and load_theme(), unless you have already called them. This allows these expensive operations to be deferred as long as possible, and allows fltk programs to be written that will run without an X server as long as they don't actually show a window.

Reimplemented from Widget.

void Window::show_inside (  const Window *  frame  ) 
 

Make the window with a normal system border and behavior, but place it inside the frame as though that was the desktop. This is what Windows calls "MDI". Typically the other window (which must already be shown) is a child window so that space can remain around it for a menu/tool bar.

Notice that parent() of the window must be zero and it will remain zero after this is called. Fltk uses a zero parent to indicate that the system is managing the window.

On systems that don't support nested desktops (i.e. X) this does child_of(frame) and show(), which produces an overlapping window that will remain above the frame window. (IMHO this is a great improvement over MDI!).

bool Window::shown (   )  const [inline]
 

Returns non-zero if show() has been called, but destroy() has not been called. Note that this returns true if hide() was called or if the user has iconized the window.

void Window::size_range (  int  minw,
int  minh,
int  maxw = 0,
int  maxh = 0,
int  dw = 0,
int  dh = 0
)  [inline]
 

Set the allowable range the user can resize this window to. This only works for top-level windows.

  • minw and minh are the smallest the window can be.
  • maxw and maxh are the largest the window can be. If either is equal to the minimum then you cannot resize in that direction. If either is zero then FLTK picks a maximum size in that direction such that the window will fill the screen.
  • dw and dh are size increments. The window will be constrained to widths of minw+N*dw, where N is any non-negative integer. If these are less or equal to 1 they are ignored. (this is ignored on WIN32)

It is undefined what happens if the current size does not fit in the constraints passed to size_range().

If this function is not called, FLTK tries to figure out the range from the setting of resizeable():

  • If resizeable() is NULL (this is the default) then the window cannot be resized.
  • If either dimension of resizeable() is less than 100, then that is considered the minimum size. Otherwise the resizeable() has a minimum size of 100.
  • If either dimension of resizeable() is zero, then that is also the maximum size (so the window cannot resize in that direction).

Member Data Documentation

NamedStyle * Window::default_style [static]
 

By default a window has box() set to FLAT_BOX, and the color() set to GRAY75, which is a special color cell that is altered by set_background().

If you plan to turn the border() off you may want to change the box() to UP_BOX. You can also produce something that looks like an arbitrary shape (though really it is showing the original screen contents in the "outside" area, so the window had better be temporary and the user cannot move it) by setting the box() to NO_BOX and making draw() only draw the opaque part.

Reimplemented from Widget.

Reimplemented in MenuWindow, and Tooltip.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
Sun Jan 7 00:55:19 2007. FLTK ©2006 Bill Spitzak and others.
Permission is granted to reproduce this manual or any portion for any purpose, provided this copyright and permission notice are preserved.