Unfortunately this is a known issue and can only be avoided properly by not using the bundled image libs (jpeg, png) and zlib. The reason is that some system libs are linked anyway to these shared libs (unless you build "everything" yourself) and you will end up with an ambiguity (at least) to resolve a particular symbol from one of the libs and maybe the linker will pick the wrong.
Example (Linux Mint 20, based on Ubuntu 20.04LTS):

$ ldd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXft.so.2 | egrep 'png|libz'
	libpng16.so.16 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16 (0x00007fbc0737c000)
	libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fbc07360000)

As you can see, if you're using xft you're already running into that specific conflict with libpng and libz. Since we link GTK dynamically this is even more problematic.

Note that Pango pulls in Cairo and Cairo depends on several other shared libs including as well...

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